We discuss the events that led to one of the first deacons, Philip, baptizing many of the Samaritans, and why Peter and John later came to lay hands on them for the reception of the Holy Spirit. We contemplated the devastation and confusion of the disciples following Jesus' crucifixion, and concluded with an explanation of how this distinction between baptism and the laying on of hands applies to the Church today. 

In Scripture, “earth” signifies more than just physical land; it functions as a literary sign that opposes human oppression. The biblical narrative presents the land both as a silent witness against human civilization and as one of its victims. In this context, the recurring phrase “heavens and earth” serves as a merism, expressing the totality of creation and affirming God’s sovereign authority and judgment:“Assemble to me all the elders of your tribes and your officers, that I may speak these words in their hearing and call the heavens and the earth to witness against them.” (Deuteronomy 31:28)Poet Mahmoud Darwish echoes this Abrahamic outlook by portraying the land as a woman—“the lady of the earth”—a figure of both suffering and resilience. Through this personification, Darwish critiques the domination of land by human civilization, portraying earth not as property but as a noble matriarch. His vision resonates with the biblical sabbatical and jubilee traditions, in which the land itself is granted rest and release from exploitation (Leviticus 25).In the Old Testament, Galilee is often marginalized or conquered. Yet, in Isaiah—and later in the New Testament—it is repurposed as the launching point for God’s mission to liberate the land from human abuse.In contrast to Jerusalem or Rome, which embody imperial tyranny cloaked in Hellenistic pluralism, Jesus reclaims Galilee as the new hub for Biblical Shepherdism—a direct challenge to the ideology of Hellenistic urban empire. Galilee becomes a scriptural threshold: a place of refuge, instruction, and mission. It embodies God’s cause, where divine law transcends political borders, and the land becomes a witness to divine justice against human violence, not a possession of empire.اللَّهُ مَالِكُ الْمُلْكِallāhu māliku al-mulk“God is the Owner of Sovereignty”This week I discuss Luke 8:26.Show Notesχώρα (chōra) / ע-ר-ץ (ʿayin–resh–ṣade) / أ-ر-ض (ʾalif-rā-ḍād)The biblical Hebrew אֶרֶץ (’ereṣ) can denote:The entire inhabited earth, as in Genesis 1:1 (“In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth”), is typically rendered in the Septuagint (LXX) as γῆ (gē).A specific territory, region, or localized land, such as “the land of Canaan,” or the land surrounding a city.The pairing of שָּׁמַיִם (šāmayim)“heavens” and אֶרֶץ (’ereṣ) earth in scripture functions as a merism, a literary device expressing totality.“In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.”(Genesis 1:1)“May you be blessed of the Lord, Maker of heavens and earth.”(Psalm 115:15)“For behold, I create new heavens and a new earth; And the former things will not be remembered or come to mind.”(Isaiah 65:17)In the Qur’an, أرض “arḍ” also appears frequently in the same manner in phrases like “السماء والأرض” (al-samāʾ wa al-arḍ) – “the heavens and the earth.”بَدِيعُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَاتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۖ وَإِذَا قَضَىٰٓ أَمْرًۭا فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُۥ كُن فَيَكُونُbadīʿu al-samāwāti wa al-arḍi. wa idhā qaḍā amran fa-innamā yaqūlu lahu kun fa-yakūn.[He is] the Originator of the heavens and the earth. When he decrees a matter, he only says to it, “stand forth,” and it stands forth.In his poetry, Mahmoud Darwish uses the Semitic function أ-ر-ض in line with the anti-civilizational tradition of Abrahamic literature:عَلَى هَذِهِ ٱلْأَرْضِʿalā hādhihi al-arḍon this earthDarwish refers to the earth (ٱلْأَرْض) both as a practical reality, literally, “on this earth,” this “ground,” and as the shared heritage of those who live on this ground, who come from the ground, from the same mother, “the lady of the earth.” This sovereignty is not imposed or “built” by civilization, but inherent.سَيِّدَةُ ٱلْأَرْضِsayyidatu al-arḍthe lady of the earthIn Semitic, earth as “lady” or “mistress” implies dignity and nobility: the land as a suffering yet powerful matriarch—both witness to and victim of human civilization. For Darwish, it evokes the Palestinian spirit of steadfastness (صمود – ṣumūd). It is not the human being, but the land that is steadfast:“Still, and perhaps more importantly, regarding the years as set times are the sabbatical year, set every seventh year, as rest for the land, and the jubilee year, set every fifty years, when everybody is set free and even the earth itself is set free from their subjugation by the human being (Lev 25).”(Tarazi, Paul Nadim. Decoding Genesis 1–11. Orthodox Center for the Advancement of Biblical Studies, St. Paul, MN. 2014. p. 82)أُمُّ ٱلْبِدَايَاتِʾummu al-bidāyātmother of all beginnings(Gen 2:7, Qur’an 30:20)أُمُّ ٱلنِّهَايَاتِʾummu al-nihāyātmother of all endings(Genesis 3:19, Qur’an 20:55)Γερασηνῶν (Gerasēnōn) / جرشGerasa (جرش Jerash in modern-day Jordan) was a key city in the eastern Roman Empire. It served as a Hellenistic hub and a strategic site that developed due to the cultural changes after Alexander the Great’s conquests in the 4th century BC.The typical features of a Hellenistic polis—such as a colonnaded cardo maximus, theaters, temples dedicated to Greco-Roman gods, and agoras—are visible in the ruins of Gerasa. These structures reflect the urban planning strategies introduced by Macedonian and later Roman rulers, as well as the blending of Greek and local Semitic cultures. These are hallmarks of anti-Scriptural Hellenistic pluralism, which seeks to erase Ezekielian shepherdism. Ezekiel’s school was carried forward by St. Paul, who opposed Roman imperialism by imposing coexistence against Caesar under the one God of the tent-dwelling shepherd Abraham.Γαλιλαία / (Galilaia) / גָּלִילIn Joshua and Chronicles, Kedesh in Galilee is identified as a city of refuge and a Levitical inheritance, tying it to themes of mercy, sanctuary, and priestly service.In 1 Kings 9, this same region is dismissed by King Hiram of Tyre when Solomon gives him twenty cities in Galilee as a diplomatic gift—cities Hiram calls כָּבוּל (Kabul) “Cabul,” or “worthless.” This underlines Galilee’s devalued status in the eyes of political power.In 2 Kings 15, Galilee becomes the first region to fall to the Assyrians, highlighting its vulnerability.Isaiah turns this trajectory on its head in Isaiah 9:1-2, where Galilee—specifically called “Galilee of the nations”—becomes the location where light of instruction will arise:By the way of the sea, on the other side of the Jordan,Galilee of the Gentiles.The people who walk in darknessWill see a great light;Those who live in a dark land,The light will shine on them.In the New Testament, this prophetic reversal is realized in Matthew 4:12–17, where Jesus withdraws to Galilee following John the Baptist’s arrest. His ministry begins not in Jerusalem but in Capernaum by the sea, fulfilling Isaiah’s prophecy and marking Galilee as the intentional starting point of the Kingdom’s message. Jesus’ healing ministry there includes Jews, Gentiles, outcasts, and foreigners, demonstrating the power of biblical shepherdism against the Hellenistic pluralism of the city builders in Judah and Rome.The text also notes that the fame of Jesus spread as far as Syria, indicating progression from Galilee to the whole Roman world, paralleling the movement of St. Paul’s teaching.The lake or sea of Galilee was a training ground for the disciples, fishermen called to become “fishers of men.”In Mark’s Gospel, Galilee bookends the narrative. Jesus begins his ministry there and, in Mark 16:7, the angel tells the disciples that the risen Christ will meet them back in Galilee. Not merely a place of origin, Galilee is a rendezvous point and base of operations for “The Cause.”Acts 1:8, which outlines the gospel’s spread from Jerusalem to Judea, Samaria, and the ends of the earth, intentionally omits Galilee. Its role as the origin of the mission has already been fulfilled—a bit like the “Rebel base located on Dantooine.” It has served its purpose. “We are here for The Cause,” so to speak, not the place. For shepherds, Galilee is nothing more than a campsite.Galilee shares symbolic resonance with Ephesus, the headquarters of the Pauline mission.Galilee becomes a counter-Jerusalem, a new center where the Law of the Kingdom is taught, Gentiles are included with their neighbors in Judah, and God’s reign is inaugurated.It is from Galilee—not the temple courts of Jerusalem, or the courts of Rome—that Jesus commissions the disciples, recalls the love for neighbor, heals the broken, and demonstrates the power of God’s instruction. Galilee stands as the threshold of the heavenly Jerusalem, where the words of Scripture proceed in power.Galilee is the springboard for the liberation of the land in fulfillment of Leviticus. The arrival of Jesus in Gerasa is a sign: the land will be set free, and all who dwell in it.

Harmonizing the Narrative is a Betrayal of the Text.The Church considers the complete and necessary depiction of Jesus to be that which is drawn out of all four gospels. Rather than assuming a harmonized narrative that each one gives some little glimpse into, the Church has always affirmed the full authority, and thus the necessity, of all four. This is apparent in Church’s use of similar but different stories involving a woman anointing Jesus. Elements of Luke 6 are used in the hymnography to shed light on the Gospel reading from Matthew 26 on Wednesday in Holy Week. Join me in a discussion of the texts from Matthew 26, Mark 14, Luke 7 and John 12.“Fortune Presents Gifts Not According To The Book” performed by Dead Can Dance. Hymn of Kassiani chanted in Byzantine Tone 8 by the Very Rev. Fr. George Shaheen (of blessed memory).

In “Dark Sayings,” I explore how internalized racism destroyed my mother’s family. This psychological process, woven out of Hellenistic pluralism and anti-Scriptural platitudes about the so-called “Melting Pot,” reveals how systemic racism operates not only externally but within the immigrant’s self-conception.Internalized racism is more insidious than the inferiority complex from which it stems. Eventually, the immigrant—the stranger in a foreign land—overcomes fear by adopting the personality of the oppressor.“You shouldn’t give your children Arabic names, Marc.”“Stop listening to Arabic music, Marc.”“You need to assimilate into this culture, Marc.”“If you love the Middle East so much, Marc, why don’t you live there?”The last one is my favorite. It reveals the speaker’s true heart. They might as well say, “Go back to Africa, Marc.”My father is from Africa. Is Africa a punishment?Internalized racism explains why people from the West Bank see themselves as superior to people from Gaza. It’s why Arab Christians often identify with white Western Christians against their Muslim brothers. It’s why immigrants and minorities across backgrounds look up to those who marginalize them.This concept of “Stockholm Syndrome” reflects a fundamental truth about the human condition. The privileged and underprivileged who perpetuate internalized racism share something profoundly disturbing in common: both reject the God of Abraham, trusting not in him as King, but in themselves.Ironically, Pharaoh (or Caesar) is not their king, as they profess in John’s Gospel, but merely their locum tenens — their temporary substitute. They view themselves as the true sovereigns. This explains their enthusiasm for elections; they delight in proclaiming their chosen figurehead by acclamation: creatus imperator.They “create” (creāre) him. They “make” him. They “elect” him. They “bring him into being” and then they control him—but they can’t control the God who speaks out of the whirlwind.Providence, habibi, is rougher than a corncob. She’ll slap you sideways even if you’re careful.Though “internalized racism” isn’t a Scriptural term, it’s rooted in biblical notions of cowardice; in the absolute fear of the power of death and deep anxiety about what might happen if Jesus alienates the “wrong people” in Decapolis. God forbid he offend those “nice white people.” Very bad for business.Consider the disciples.What a bunch of cowardly, misguided fools. One almost wonders why Jesus didn’t let his Father finish what he began with the storm at sea.Oops! I am starting to sound like Jonah. See, there are no good guys!This week, I discuss Luke 8:25.Show Notesβουλή (boulē) / מ-כ-ר (meem-kaf-resh) / م-ك-ر (mīm-kāf-rāʾ)Purposeful plan, will, counsel. يَمْكُرُ (yamkurū) to plan, scheme, plot. מכר (makar) to sell. For example, Joseph being sold by his brothers (מָכְרוּ māḵərū Genesis 37:28).“But the Pharisees and the lawyers rejected God’s plan (τὴν βουλὴν τοῦ θεοῦ tēn boulēn tou theou) for themselves, not having been baptized by John.” (Luke 7:30)“For thus says the Lord: ‘You have sold yourselves (נִמְכַּרְתֶּם nimkartem) for nothing, and you shall be redeemed without money.’” (Isaiah 52:3)“Woe to the rebellious children,” declares the Lord, “Who execute a plan, but not mine, and make an alliance, but not of my Spirit, in order to add sin to sin.” (Isaiah 30:1)“And [remember] when those who did not believe made plans (يَمْكُرُ yamkuru) against you to restrain you, or kill you, or expel you. And they make plans (ۚ وَيَمْكُرُونَ wa yamkuruna), but God makes plans (وَيَمْكُرُ wa yamkuru) — and God is the best of planners (الْمَاكِرِينَ al-makirin).” (Surah Al-Anfal 8:30)πίστις (pistis) / אֱמֶת (ʾemet), from the root א-מ-ן (aleph-mem-nun), אָמֵן (ʾāmēn), and أمين (amīn)The root א-מ-ן (aleph-mem-nun) is functional with إيمان (īmān, “faith”) and آمن (āmana, “he trusted”), reflecting the biblical Hebrew concepts of trust, faithfulness, and reliability.Under the influence of Hellenism (Judaeo-Christianism), אֱמֶת (ʾemet) is misinterpreted by neoplatonists as “truth,” as if it were a philosophical abstraction. Here, the wisdom of George Carlin comes to mind:“I leave symbols to the symbol-minded.”The God of Abraham is not a “symbol,” let alone a pagan effigy—he is our trustworthy Master. Saying “amin” does not indicate agreement with an idea; it reflects placement of trust in the trustworthy Master.φοβέω (phobeō) / י-ר-א (yod-resh-aleph) / و-ر-ي (wāw–rāʼ–yāʼ)Fear, fearful, or feared. وَأَرَى (waʾara) — “to frighten someone.”“Abraham stretched out his hand and took the knife to slay his son. But the angel of the Lord called to him from heaven and said, “Abraham, Abraham!” And he said, “Here I am.” He said, “Do not stretch out your hand against the lad, and do nothing to him; for now I know that you fear God ( יְרֵ֤א אֱלֹהִים֙ yerēʾʹ ʾělō·hîmʹ ), since you have not withheld your son, your only son, from me.” Then Abraham raised his eyes and looked, and behold, behind him a ram caught in the thicket by his horns; and Abraham went and took the ram and offered him up for a burnt offering in the place of his son. Abraham called the name of that place The Lord Will Provide, as it is said to this day, “In the mount of the Lord it will be provided.”” (Genesis 22:10–14)In the Qur’an, وَأَرَى (waʾara) is linked to divine signs intended to cause fear. Concerning the Lukan reference, Abraham is shown (أَرَى arā) a terrifying thing:“And when he reached the age of striving with him, [Abraham] said: ‘O my son, indeed I see (أَرَى arā) in a dream that I am sacrificing you.” (Qur’an 37:102)In Genesis 22, Abraham also sees (וַיַּרְא wayyárʾ) the ram caught in the thicket, and “fears God” (ירא אלהים yirē ʾelohim) through his obedience.θαυμάζω (thaumazō) / ת-מ-ה (taw-meem-he)The disciples encountered God on Mount Zion, were filled with terror, panicked, and fled:“They saw it, then they were amazed (תָּמָ֑הוּ tā·māʹ·hû); They were terrified, they fled in alarm.” (Psalm 48:5)In Ecclesiastes, after a reminder to “fear God,” a warning: don’t be shocked by institutional oppression. Corruption and injustice are standard and forever entrenched — officials monitor one another, but the system will always fail. “Reform” is a word found only on the lips of the self-righteous:“Guard your steps as you go to the house of God and draw near to hear rather than to offer the sacrifice of fools; for they do not know they are doing evil….For in many dreams and in many words there is emptiness. Rather, fear God ( יְרָֽא אֶת הָ אֱלֹהִ֖ים yerāʾʹ ʾěṯ hā ʾělō·hîmʹ). If you see oppression of the poor and denial of justice and righteousness in the province, do not be shocked (תִּתְמַ֖הּ tiṯ·mǎhʹ) at the sight; for one official watches over another official, and there are higher officials over them.” (Ecclesiastes 5:1;7-8)Then the fall of Judah in Jeremiah:“It shall come about in that day,” declares the Lord, “that the heart of the king and the heart of the princes will fail; and the priests will be appalled and the prophets will be astounded (יִתְמָֽהוּ yiṯ·māʹ·hû).” (Jeremiah 4:9)Finally, Luke parallels Paul in Acts 13, invoking Habakkuk, who announces God’s call to wake up and see his stunning and unexpected hand at work against his people, orchestrating the rise of Babylon to judge Judah:“Look among the nations! Observe! Be astonished! (הִֽתַּמְּה֖וּ hit·tǎm·mehûʹ) Wonder! (תְּמָ֑הוּ temāʹ·hû) Because I am doing something in your days—You would not believe if you were told.” (Habbakuk 1:5)In Acts, Paul repeats this message to a Judean audience in the synagogue:“Therefore take heed, so that the thing spoken of in the Prophets may not come upon you: ‘Behold, you scoffers, and marvel, and perish; Because I am accomplishing a work in your days, A work which you will never believe, though someone should describe it to you.’” (Acts 13:40–41, quoting Habakkuk 1:5)ὑπακούω (hypakouō) / ש-מ-ע (shin-mem-ayin) / س-م-ع (sīn-mīm-ʿayn)To hear.سَمِعَ (samiʿa) — “he heard”يَسْمَعُ (yasmaʿu) — “he hears”سَمَاع (samāʿ) — “hearing,” “listening”مَسْمُوع (masmūʿ) — “heard,” “audible”Genesis 16:2: Abram hears the voice of Sarai unto destruction:“So Sarai said to Abram, “Now behold, the Lord has prevented me from bearing children. Please go in to my maid; perhaps I will obtain children through her.” And Abram heard ( יִּשְׁמַ֥ע yiš·mǎʿʹ) the voice of Sarai.”Genesis 22:18: Abraham hears the voice of God unto life:“In your seed all the nations of the earth shall be blessed, because you have heard (שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ šā·mǎʿʹ·tā) my voice.”

In Hebrews 2:11, it says, “for he who sanctifies and those who are being sanctified are all “of one.” In Greek this is ex enos - literally “out of one.” Various translations render that phrase “of the same family” (NIV), “have the same father” (New Living Translation), “have one source” (ESV), and “have the same origin” (NET). These are misleading and make Hebrews sound philosophical rather than Scriptural, which it is. The “one who sanctifies” is a Son by whom God has spoken in these last times (1:2) and “whom he has appointed heir of all things.” It is to this one that Scripture says God will put all things under subjection (Psalm 8). “But now we do not yet see all things put under him. But we see Jesus who was made a little lower than the angels, for the suffering of death crowned with glory and honor, that He, by the grace of God, might taste death for everyone” (2:9).In verse 16, the KJV renders the verb ἐπιλαμβάνεται as “took on the nature of” which is another example of a translation making the epistle sound like a philosophical treatise rather than a review of Scripture. ἐπιλαμβάνεται with its base lambano to take can mean “to take or lay hold of” as in to seize, which is not only more faithful to the original, but also conveys the sense that it is a decisive action on the part of God for the benefit of human beings, the descendants of Abraham. In Hebrews, the appointed Son “tastes death for everyone” (2:9), he  is “made perfect through suffering” (2:10), and “through death destroys him who has the power if death, that is the devil” (14) and “releases those who through fear of death were subject to lifelong bondage” (15). In other words, his concern is for his brethren, that is for the seed of Abraham. Thus the point in his being subject to death is for the sake of the others. This in summary is Isaiah 53 and it is in this sense we understand the minimal wording of Hebrews 2:16 - which says that  both the one who sanctifies and those who are sanctified are “of one.” Just as Jesus, the appointed Son, was obedient fully to the will of God, so we are shown his example in Scripture (Isaiah 53, Mark 14:6) and given the instruction to do likewise (Matthew 5, Luke 11). And this full obedience to the will of God is demonstrated by Mary, Jesus mother, when his birth is announced: “Behold the handmaiden of the Lord. Let it be to me according to your word” (Luke 1:38).